A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, technology,
activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or
service from supplier to customer. Supply chain activities transform natural resources, raw materials
and components into a finished product that is delivered to the end
customer. In sophisticated supply chain systems, used products may
re-enter the supply chain at any point where residual value is
recyclable
The Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) defines
supply chain management as follows: “Supply Chain Management encompasses
the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and
procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities.
Importantly, it also includes coordination and collaboration with
channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third-party
service providers, and customers. In essence, supply chain management
integrates supply and demand management within and across companies.
Supply Chain Management is an integrating function with primary
responsibility for linking major business functions and business
processes within and across companies into a cohesive and
high-performing business model. It includes all of the logistics
management activities noted above, as well as manufacturing operations,
and it drives coordination of processes and activities with and across
marketing, sales, product design, finance and information technology.”
A typical supply chain begins with ecological and biological and
political regulation of natural resources, followed by the human
extraction of raw material, and includes several production links (e.g.,
component construction, assembly, and merging) before moving on to
several layers of storage facilities of ever-decreasing size and ever
more remote geographical locations, and finally reaching the consumer.
Many of the exchanges encountered in the supply chain will therefore
be between different companies that will seek to maximize their revenue
within their sphere of interest, but may have little or no knowledge or
interest in the remaining players in the supply chain. More recently,
the loosely coupled, self-organizing network of businesses that
cooperates to provide product and service offerings has been called the Extended Enterprise
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar